Machine for making receptacles of compressed pulp.



APPLICATION FILED JUNE 30. 1906.

PATENTED MAR. 19, 1907.

W. E. SCHNEIDER. MACHINE FOR MAKING REGEPTACLES 0F COMPRESSED PULP.

l1 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Hi1 5a $1 n-uontoz PATEN'I'ED MAR. 19, 1907.

W. E. SCHNEIDER. MACHINE-FOR MAKING REGEPTAGLES 0P COMPRESSED PULP.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 30, 1906.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 2 PATENTED MAR. 19, 1907.

w. E. SCHNEIDER. MACHINE FOR MAKING REGEPTAGLES 01" COMPRESSED PULP.

ILSHEETS-BHBET 4.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 30, 1906.

w Pm can a PATBNTED MAR. 19, 1907.

w. B. SCHNEIDER. MACHINE FOR MAKING REGBPTAGLES OF COMPRESSED PULP.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 30, 1806.

IIQHEETS-SHBET 5.

witness:

PATENTED MAR. 19, 1907.

- W. B. SCHNEIDER. MACHINE FOR MAKING RBGEPTAGLES OF COMPRESSED PULP.

APPLIUATION FILED JUNE 30. 1906.

11 SHBETSSHEBT 8;.

duam' w W a ttOfA/WA:

Nd. 847.832.- PATENTED MAR. 19, 1907. W. E. SCHNEIDER.

MACHINE FOR MAKING REGEPTACLES 0F COMPRESSED PULP.

' APPLICATION FILED JUNE so. 1906.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

No. 847,882. PATENTED MAR. 19, 1907. W. E. SCHNEIDER.

MACHINE FOR MAKING REGBPTAGLBS 0F COMPRESSED PULP.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE30, 190s.

11 snnzrs-snnnr a.

Wihwaaea PATENTED MAR. 19, 1907.

W. E. SCHNEIDER. MACHINE FOR MAKING RECEP-TACLES 0F COMPRESSED PULP.

APPLICATION PII-EDJUNE 30. 1906.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 11.

Il a

vunmnn 5 sweui'oz G ftoznut i il'iuzooes ZW/w/ @z .DNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE. Y

' WILLIAM E WIN SCHNEIDER, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT or ooLUMBDi.

MACHINE FOR MAKlNG-RECEPTACLES OF COMPRESSED PULP-.

Specification of Letters Patent.

- Application filed June 30,1906. seal 1a; 324,212.

Patented March 19, 1907.

, To all whmn it may concern: 1

Be it known that I, WILLIAM EDWIN SCHNEIDER, a citizenlof the UnitedStates, residing at Washington, in the District of 5 Columbia, haveinvented certain'new and useful Improvements in Machinesfor MakingReceptacles of Compressed Pulp; and I do hereby "declare the followingto be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,

,tofwhich it appertains' to make and use the same.- r My inventionrelates toimprovements in machines for making receptacles of comareceptacle which-will be very light, but at the same time extremelystrong and rigid, so 2 5 that it may beusedfor packing'or storing andshipping of all kindsof merchandise.

The package or receptacle produced by .my machine 1s especiall fittedfor holding milk and air-tight vegeta les and fruits. Ino= deed, it maybe employed in lieu. of practically all forms-of glass, paper, and metalreceptacles. I v a I The .invention, broadly speaking, com V prises acontractible mold to hold the pulp to 3 5 be compressed into-the desiredshape, a mandrel adapted to enter said mold and to have areceptacleformed thereon and to be shrunk or collapsed to permit the receptaclewhen formed to be removed therefrom, and means to feed pulp to the moldin proper quantities to make each receptacle. I

The invention further; consists in the features of constructionand-combinations of parts hereinafter described, and more partic ularlypointed outin the claims concluding this specification.

In-the accom anying drawings, illustrat; ing the preferre embodiment ofmy inven- "tion, Figure 1 is a front elevation of a ma- 5c chineconstructed in accordance with-my -in-' vention. Fig. 2'is'a sideelevation thereofi a.

part of the base being broken away. I Fig. 1s a central'verticalsectional view of the maa; chine,tak'en" from sideitovside, parts atthe, is ibottom belng-brokengj'away. Fig, 4 is broken enlarged view'fo fparts located near s'uch'as will enable others skilled in the art themold and particularly illustrating the devices for opening and closingthe jaws of the mold for forming the bottom of the re ceptacle. Fig. 5is a horizontal sectional View taken through the jaws of the mold whenopen andbefore the mandrel has "eri tered said mold.- Fig. 6 is ahorizontal sectional view taken on the line I q of Fig.3,

showing the chute and device for discharging Fig. 7 is a'deff' tailedplan view of t 1e jaws oflthe mold opengi v said jaws being providedwi'th yacuum boxes the completed rece tacles.

for connection with the pump for drawingoff the water pressed out of thepulp when the mold is contracted.

Fig. 8 is a-similar view of the jaws. -ot the mold closed. Fig. 9

is a detailed elevation of the mold open as shownin Fig. 7, the walls ofthe front vacuurnbox being broken away to disclose the perfo rations inthe inner walls of the mold; Fig;

10 is-a similarelevation. of the mold closed as shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 11is a detailed plan 1 view. of the members of one of the toggle-,-

'oints and the pin for connecting them.

ig. 12 is a side view of the same parts; Fig. 13 is a detailed side viewof one of the jaws, one of the corner-posts of the frame,

the toggles connecting them, and one of the rpds carrying the pins foroperating said toges. entral sectional views, respectively, of'themandrel collapsed, the lunger-rod carrying said mandrel and the liottomplate of the mandrel being removed in the latter view. Fig. 16 is a topl'an view of the cap of the mandrel, the end Figs. 1.4 and 15 aredetailed side and of one of the bolts for se-' a.

curing the wed e-sections of the mandrel to i said cap being broken awayto show one of; i

the slots whereby said wedge-pieces are-'per mitted to move inward whenthe mandrel is collapsed. Fig. 17 is an enlarged central sectional viewof the mandrel, showing how it is mounted on the plunger-rod. Figs. .18'

and 19 are detailed pers ective views, respectively, of one of thewe gesections or pieces and one of the'intermediate sections of the Imandrelx Fig. 20' is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 2 zof Fig. 17. *'Fig"."2 1 y kegs; Fig- 24 is a detailed View of the plateheadlate to rise.

between the side supports'2 is ar-.

. and meshing with another larger gear 26, also pleted receptacle.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the Working parts of themachine are mounted upon a suitable supporting-framework comprising,preferably, a base 1 and upwardly-extending side supports or frames 2,suitably secured to the 11 per portion of the base. Supported immelately upon said base is the bottom plate 3, which supports the mold 4.An u. per plate 5 is arranged above said mold an is provided with acentral opening for the entrance of the mandrel 6, mounted on thevertically-movable plunger-rod 7. Said upper plate is supported upon thebottom late by corner-supports 8. Upon the to of t e upper plate aremounted two upward y-extending supports 9, one on each side, formingguides for the movement of the head-plate 10, from which depend rods 11for operating the devices for opening and closing the mold. Saidsupportsv 9 also up hold a plate 12 with a central. opening 13 and anupwardly-extending sleeve or collar 14, in the sides of which are'bearings for the inner ends of oppositely-extending shafts 15 and 15,as seen particularly in Fig. 3. The main bearings 16 and 16 for saidshafts 15 and 15 are in the side supports or frames 2. Each of theshafts, 15 and 15 carries a beveled pinion 17 and 17, respectively. Saidplinions face each other and mesh with a orizontal beveled gear 18,mounted to revolve upon the upper end of the sleeve 14 on the plate 12.Said gear-wheel 18 is interiorly screw-threaded and engages a verticalhollow screw 19, connected to the headplate 10 and secured againstrotation. By this means the rotation of the gear-wheel 18 in onedirection will cause said head-plate to descend, while the rotation ofsaid gear in the opposite direction will cause said Above said gear andsupporte ranged the top plate 20 of the framework.

The plunger-rod 7 extends u through the hollow screw and is connected,by means of a horizontally-slotted yoke 7 with a crank 21, carried byashaft 22, mounted on brackets 23 and. 24. Said shaft is revolved to turnthe crank and raise and lower the plunger-rod carrying the mandrel bymeans of a gear 25 with interrupted teeth mounted on said sh aft 25 is asimilar view,

other shaft 27, which always revolves when the machine is in operation.It will thus be seen that the plunger-rod, with the mandrel, will beraised and lowered at intervals and that at times between such intervalssaid rod will remain down with the mandrel in the mold while the mold isbeing closed to form the receptacle and opened again to permit of' saidreceptacle being removed therefrom. Said shaft 27 is rotated by means ofa small gear 28 on a shaft 29 meshing with a larger gear-wheel 30 onsaid shaft 27. The shaft 29 also carries a large gear 31, meshing with asmall gear 32 on the main driving-shaft 33 of the machine. Said mainshaft carries a driving clutch-pulley 33, and a hand-lever may beprovided to throw said pulley into operation. The shaft 27 is mounted onbrackets 27 and 27*, the former being an arm of the bracket 24. Theshafts 29 and 33 are mounted on arms 34 and 34*, respectively, ofbrackets 34, one arranged on each side of the framework of the machine.The lower portions of said brackets are shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1in order to better show the parts behind them. Gears 35 and 35 on theends of the main driving-shaft 33 mesh with other gears 36 and 36,loosely mounted, respectively, on the shafts 15 and 15. Each of thegears 36 and 36 is adapted to be engaged by one of the clutches 37 or 37tov connect up said gears with their shafts 15' and' 15 one at a time inorder to revolve the gear-wheel 18 in first one direction and then inthe other to raise and lower the head-plate 10,with the rods carriedthereby, so as to close and open the mold. The operatinglevers 38 and 38for throwing the clutches 37 and 37 in and out are pivotally hung fromarms 39 and 39 of the brackets 34. Said levers 38 and 38 are connectedby a rod 40, extending across near the gear-wheel 30 and having lugsprojecting therefrom carrying rollers 41 41, one arranged on either sideof said gear-wheel 30. The sides of said gearwheel 30 are provided withcam-surfaces 42 and 43, respectively, arranged near the periphery ofsaid wheel. Each of said cams comprises three steps or widths, eachextending one-third of the way aroundnamely, a wide portion 42 or 43, anintermediate portion 42 or 43", and a narrow portion 42 or 43". It willbe understood that these portions or surfaces of the cams are arrangedin inverse order on one side from what they are on the other, so thatthe narrow cam on the one side is opposite the wide..cam on the otherand the intermediate cams are opposite each other. It will thus be seenthat during one-third of the revolution of the gear-wheel 30 the clutchwill be thrown no, so as to cause the revolution of the shaft and pinionwhich lowers the head-plate 10 to close the mold, during the secondthird of the revohaving interrupted teeth and mounted on an- 1 lution ofsaid gear the other shaft and pinion will be revolved to raise saidhead-plate and open the mold, and during the last third of therevolution of said gear that is, when the rollers are traveling on theintermediate surfaces or portions of the cams-both clutcheswill be outand neither of the shafts or 15 will be revolved. It is during this laststage, when the head-plate is stationary, that the plunger-rod 7,carrying the mandrel, israised and lowered by means of the crank 21 andgears with interrupted teeth in order to remove the receptacle just madefrom said mandrel and permit of the placing of material for makinganother receptacle in the mold.

The devices for feeding material to the mold and removin the completedreceptacles are shown in detail in Figs. 26 and 27, the former showintheir positions when the mandrel is inserte in the mold and a receptacleis being formed, while the latter shows their positions when the mandrelhas been raised, the basket 44 having been brought into position toreceive the completed receptacle as it is dropped from said mandrel andthe measuring-cup 45 bein tipped over in the act of pourin materia intothe mold. Said receiving-b as et 44 is pivotally supported betweenswinging arms 46, hung from the side supports or guides. 9, and hasaforwardand-backward movement from a point over the opening of the moldto the chute 47 in the front casing of the machine. 'The material ofwhich the receptacles are to be made is placed in a reservoir 48,preferably supported at the rear of the machine. Said material passesdown through a pipe 49 to the measuring and feeding cup 45, which ispivotally mounted between brackets 50 and has a curved plate 51extending rearwardly therefrom and adapted to close the opening of thepipe 49 when said cup is tilted or tipped forward. To prevent allleakage, the top of said cup and the bottom of said pipe, as well as theplate 51, are curved and form arcs of a circle having the axle uponwhich the cup turns as a center. The cup is rocked on its shaft by arms52, secured to said shaft and connected at their upper ends by links 53to long arms 54, extending upward and in turn secured to a rock-shaft55, to which is also fastened a rock-arm 56, having a pin or lug 57extending into the roove of a cam 58, mounted on .the crank-s aft 22.The lower ends of the arms 52 are connected by links 59 to the arms 46,carrying the basket 44, whereby said basket and feeding-cup are operatedby the same means.

The mold 4 comprises four interlocking jaw members 4, similarlyconstructed, each jaw having an extending tongue 4 engaging a groove 4in the next adj acent jaw member. At the upper and lower extremities oftheend of each of the tongues 4 are projecting lugs 4, (see Fig. 13,)extending into sockets 4* (see Fig. 7) in the adjacent jaw member. Theobject in providing said lugs is to retain the jaws always in horizontalalinement as they are moved in and out to close and open the mold. Theinner surface of each jaw, near the base of its tongue, is cut into on acurved line, as at 4, Fi s. 7 and 8, so that the interior of said mold wen closed will be circular. The circular form of the receptacle is,however, only one of a variety of shapes in which said receptacles maybe made. In Fig. 22 I have illustrated a mold for making squarereceptacles, while in Fig. 23 is shown a mold for making receptacles theshape of barrels or kegs. Other shapes may be made by simply changingthe form of the interior of the mold without modifying the operation ofthe machine. The jaw members are so fitted together that they must allbe moved simultaneously and at the same speed to move them at all toopen or close the mold.

The jaws are perforated, as at 4 to permit the water pressed from thecompressed pulp to ass outward into vaccum boxes or chambers 4 ,formedbetween each jaw and the adjacent jaws. Said vacuum chambers or boxesare kept closed and air-tight when said jaws are opened by tongues 4extending up the sides and across the tops of said boxes and enteringcorrespondingly-arranged grooves or ways 4 One of said tongues 4 iscarried by the portion of a box at one side of each jaw, while theportion of the box at the other side of said jaw is provided with one ofthe grooves 4 The bottoms of said vacuum boxes or chambers open directlyupon the bottom plate 3 of the machine. Each vacuum-box is arranged overa fumiel-shaped or countersunk opening 3 in said plate, said openingsbeing preferably connected by grooves 3 so as to carry off all escapedwater. said openings from below are pipes 3, leading to an air-tightreceptacle 3, connected by pipes 3 to a vacuum-pump 3 mounted andsuitably secured to the frame. Said pump is preferably operated by aneccentric 3 carried by the piston-r0 8 and mounted on the maindriving-shaft 33 of the machine. The object in providing thevacuum-boxes on the mold, the pump, and their connections is to create avacuum or suction in said boxes which will draw the water therefrom as areceptacle is being formed in the mold and prevent any of the water frombeing drawn back upon the surface of the completed receptacle by reasonof the vacuum created in the mold as it is being opened to permit of theremoval of said receptacle. Said jaws are moved inward and outward toopen and close the mold by the operation of toggle-joints 59 l eachcomprising two members 59 and 59 one member connected between ears 4 oneach jaw and the other member connected to one of the corner-supports 8.The inner 1 member 59 of each toggle is provided with a Fitted indownwardly-extending should er having a finger 59 arranged parallel withthe longitudinal axis of said member, with a slot 59 between said fingerand the'hody of said member, into which fits a cross-pin 1 1, carried bymitting the operating-rods to pass farther downward. Two togglessimilarly constructed are preferably provided for operating each jaw ofthe mold. The effect of the operation of the rods 1 1 on their upwardstroke is to Withdraw the vjaws by means of the cross-pins 11 coming incontact with and folding the toggles, while on the downward stroke ofsaid rods the cross-pins engaging with the fingers59 will extend saidtoggles and advance said jaws to close the mold.

The mandrel 6 comprises four wedge-sections'6, 6*, 6, and 6 and fourintermediate sections 6, 6", 6 and 6", having longitudinally-slidingdovetail connection with one another, the wedge sections having thetongues 6 and the intermediate sections the grooves 6 The wedge-sectionstaper downwardly, while the intermediate sections taper upwardly to acorres onding degree. The upper portions of bot kinds of sections arefitted within a cap 6", which is secured to the plunger-rod 7. Said uper portions of said sections, which form the upper end of the mandrel,are enlarged, forming a shoulder 6, adapted to close the top of the moldwhen the mandrel is inserted therein, as shown in Fig. 3, whereby thematerial is prevented from splashing out when the jaws of the mold arecontracted. The upper horizontal surface of said cap is provided withradial slots 6, through which project bolts 6 fastened to the upper endsof the Wedgesections. Said bolts are fitted with washers 6 and nuts 6whereby said wedge-sections are always retained in the same relationwith said cap horizontally, but are permitted to change their positionsvertically with relation to said cap, because said bolts may move inwardand outward in said slots as the mandrel is shrunk and expanded. The capis also provided with longitudinal slots 6, through which project bolts6, the heads of which sepward, because-of their connection with the curea ring 6, extending around the cap. On the upward stroke of theplungerrod said ring contacts with a circular frame 60, (see Fig. 3,)supported by long bolts or rods 61 from the p1ate.12, said rods or boltspassing through suitable passages provided therefor in the head-plate10. When said ring comes in contact with said frame 60, it will bearrested, together with the intermediate sections of the mandrel, whilethe wedge-secions of said mandrel will be carried farther top of thecap. The result of this operation will be to collapse or shrink themandrel, and the purpose thereof is to release the receptacles afterthey have been formed in themold and raised therefrom upon said mandrel.The interior of the mandrel is hollow, and into it extends the end ofthe plunger-rod 7, which is fitted at its extremity with a nut 7. Thelower end of the mandrel is closed by the bottom piece 6 which issecured to (preferably screwed into) the lower end of a tube 6, fittingwithin the mandrel and around the end a of the plunger-rod. The upperend of said tube fits closely around said rod, forming a bearing for oneend of a coiled spring 7 the other end of which abuts against the nut 7.It will be seen that the collapsing of the mandrel will compress saidspring, because the tube 6 is secured to the bottom piece of themandrel, and said bottom piece will be arrested by the intermediatesections, while the wedgesections and the plunger-rod carrying the nut 7move farther upward. It Wlll also be'seen that as said spring iscompressed by the collapsing of the mandrel it will draw the sections ofthe mandrel together, thereby causing said mandrel to expand as soon asthe plunger-rod passes down far enough to remove the ring 6 from contactwith the circular frame 60.

' I have shown three devices for forming the bottom of the receptacles.The simplest way is to perforate a portion of the bottom plate 3, asshown at 3 in Fig. 24, and form a socket below said. perforated portion,into which the end of a pipe 3*, communicating with the air-tightreceptacle 3, is fitted, so that the water will be drawn off from thebot tom by the pump 3 as Well as from the sides, through thevacuum-boxes on the jaws of the mold. The bottom-forming device shown inh ig. 25 comprises an inverted cylindric member 3", which is seated upona coiled spring 3 and is normally held thereby above the surface of thebottom plate 3, but adapted to be depressed by the mandrel as itdescends. The pipe 3*, leading to the receptacle 3, in this case isprovided with packing-rings 3, so as to prevent leakage as the member 3"moves upon said pipe. The third device, forming the bottoms of thereceptacles, is

illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and. 4. It comprises the same form ofinverted cylindric member 3", arranged upon the end of the pipe 3 in thesame manner as before described in connection with the showing in fig.25. In this case, however, instead of being seated upon a spring whichsupports it above the surface of the bottom plate 3 the member 3*normally stands below the surface of said plate and is supported bylevers 62, pivotally mounted on brackets 63, depending from said plate.The outer ends of said levers preferably carry rollers 64; and aredepressed to raise their inner ends and bring the member 3" to a levelwith the bottom plate by double collars 65, one of which is mountedbetween each pair of the rods 11 and is arranged in the path of theroller on one of the levers 62. By this arrangement of devices the jawsof the mold will be closed and the bottom-forming device raised atsubstantially thesame time on the downward stroke of the rods 11; Thelast-described bottom-forming device should be used when it is desiredto have a good deal of material in the bottoms of the receptacles. "Thedevice shown in Fig. 24 should be used when less material is desired inthe bottoms of the receptacles, and the device shown-in Fig. 25 is to beemployed when still less material is wanted in said bottoms. It willtherefore be seen that the thickness anddensity of the bottoms of thereceptacles may be regulated to suit any requirements.

The operation of the machine to make a receptacle and discharge it is asfollows: If the operation is commenced with the parts in the positionsshown in Fig. 2, the first devices to move would be the feeding andmeasurin cup 45 and the basket 44, the former of 'whic will be turnedback below the pipe 49 to receive another measure of'material and thelatter moved forward into the chute 47 to discharge the receptacle justcompleted and released from the mandrel. These operations of the cup andbasket result from the movement of the rock-arm 56, controlled by thecam 58, and the transmission of this movement through the shaft 55, arms54, links 53, arms 52, and links 59, the movement of the basket beinfurther controlled by the arms 46. The p unger-rod carrying the mandrelthen begins to descend, said rod beingoperated by the crank 21, which isrevolved by the gear 25, meshing with the teeth on the gear 26. As saidmandrel moves downward-the ring 6 is released from contact with thecircular frame and the spring arranged-in said mandrel expands thelatter.

Continuing downward, the mandrel enters the mold and as it does socompresses some of the material at the bottom thereof and raises thelevel of said material around the sides of said mold. When the mandrelis in place in the mold, the gear 26, having turned until the end of thetoothed portion thereof has been reached,'said gear ceases to revolvethe gear 25, while the smooth portion thereof is passing below saidlatter gear, so that the pluner-rod and mandrel will remain stationaryor a time. While the foregoing operations are taking place the rollers41 41 of the apparatus for controlling the clutches 37 37 which causethe rotation of the shafts 15 15 are traveling along the intermediateportions 42 43 of the cams 42 43. When the mandrel has reached itslowest position, the gearwheel 30, carrying the cams 42 43, has revolvedso that the rollers 41 41 are shifted from the intermediate surfaces ofthe cams to the wide portion on one side of saif wheel and the narrowportion on the c ther side. In so shifting the rollers, which areattached to the rod 40, said rod is moved longitudinally and by means ofthe levers 38 38 throw in one of the clutches 37 37 thereby revolvingone of the shafts 15 15 and causing the head-plate 10 and rods 11 todescend through t e instrumentality of one of the pinions-17 17 thebeveled gear 18, and the screw 19. The descent of said rods 11, whichcarry the cross-pins 11, extends the toggles 59 by said cross-pinsengaging the fingers 59, as previously described, and thereby closes thejaws of the mold. This causes the material around the mandrel to rise tothe top of the mold and then compresses said material, thereby formingthe sides of the receptacle. It will be understood that the upperportion the mandrel closes the top of the mold and prevents the materialfrom escaping at that point. If the bottom-forming device shown in Fig.25 is used, the descent of the mandrel will depress the member 3 andthere complete the compression of the material caught between saidmandrel and member 3' when the latter has reached its lowest pointbefore the jaws of the mold are closed.

ikewise when the bottom-forming device shown in Fig. 24 is employed thebottom .of the receptacle is formed before the sides by the bottom ofthe mandrel compressing some of the material upon the perforated portion3. When, however, the other described means for forming the bottom ofthe receptacle is employed, said bottom is formed subsequently to theforming of the sides by the member 3" being raised from below thesurface of the bottom plate by means of the levers 62, operated by thedouble collars 64,

' carried by the rods 11 during the final downward movement of saidrods. By the time these operations have taken place the gearwheel 30,carrying the cams 42 43, has turned so that the rollers 41 41 are againshifted to engage, respectively, the narrow portion of the cam on theside where previously it had engaged the wide portion thereof, and viceversa. This shifting of the rollers moves the rod 40 and the levers 3838 so as to throw out that one of the clutches 37 37 heretofore engagedand throw in the other one of said clutches, thereby stopping therevolution of that one of the shafts 15 15 previously actuated androtating the other one ofsaid shafts. This causes the gear 18 to bereversed and to revolve in the opposite direction and raises thehead-plate 10 and rods 1.1. The raisin of said rods first releases thelevers 62, i the bottom-forming devic bodying said levers is in use,then opera re jaws of the mold by means of the cross-pms engaging andfolding the toggles 59. At the end of the upward stroke of thehead-plate I30 the rollers 41 41 have again passed onto the 1 thereceptacle, and means to remove the comintermediate surfaces of the cams42 43 on 1 the gear-wheel 30, so that both of the clutches 37 37 arethrown out and the head-plate remains up, while the plunger-rod andmandrel are raised by the crank 21, the shaft upon which said crank ismounted being then rotated by reason of the smooth portion of theperiphery of the gear 26 having passed and its teeth again meshing withthe teeth of the gear 25. When the plunger-rod carrying the mandrel hasmade most of its upward stroke, the feeding-cup 45 will be rockedforward to pour another measure of material into the mold and the basket44 will be brought over the opening to the mold by means of the cam 58,rock-arm, and shaft and their connecting levers and links, as previouslydescribed. As the basket 44 reaches a position below the mandrel thefinal movement of the plunger-rod on its upward stroke will bring thering 6 in. Contact with the frame 60, collapsing the mandrel anddropping .the completed receptacle therefrom upon said basket, fromwhich it is discharged by way of the chute 47'. Continued action of themachine repeats.the operations of the parts in the order as justdescribed.

I. claim.

1. machine of the character described having a mold, and a shrinkablesectional mandrel adapted to be bodily lowered into and raised from saidmold.

2. A machine of the character described having a contractible mold, anda shrinkable mandrel adapted to be bodily lowered into and raised fromsaid mold.

3. A machine of the character described having a mold, and a shrinkablesectional mandrel adapted to be automatically lowered into and raisedfrom said mold and shrunk When raised to release the receptacle.

4. A machine of the character described having acontractible mold and ashrinkable mandrel adapted to be automatically lowered into and raisedfrom said mold and shrunk when raised to release the receptacle.

5.. A machine of the character described having a mold, a shrinkablemandrel adapted to be automatically lowered into and raised from saidmold and shrunk when raised, to release the receptacle, and means toremove the completed rece tacle.

6. A machine 0 the character described having a contractible mold, ashrinkable mandrel adaptedto be automaticallylowered into and raisedfrom said mold and shrunk when'raised to release the receptacle, andmeans to remove the completed receptacle.

7. A machine of the character described having a mold,means to feedmaterial to said mold, a shrinkable mandrel adapted to be automaticallylowered into and raised from said mold and shrunk when raised to releasepleted receptacle.

8. A machine of the character described having a contractible mold,means to feed material to said mold, a shrinkable mandrel adapted to beautomatically lowered into and raised from said mold and shrunk whenraised to release the receptacle, and means to remove the completedreceptacle.

9. A machine of the character described having a mold, a shrinkablemandrel adapted to be automatically lowered into and raised from saidmold and shrunk when raised to release the receptacle, and means to feedmaterial to said mold in predetermined quantities.

10. A machine of the character described having a mold, a mandrel, amovable measuring-cup, and means to automatically actuate said cup tofeed material to said mold.

11'. A machine of the character described having a mold, a mandrel, apipe leading from a source of supply of material for making receptacles,a movable measuring-cup mounted below the outlet of said pipe, means toautomatically operate said cup to feed material to said mold, and meansto close the opening at the outlet of 'said pipe while the cup isfeeding the material contained therein to the mold. I

12. A machine of the character described, having a mold, a mandrel, apipe leading from a source of supply of material for making receptacles,a measuring-cup pivotally mounted below the outlet of said pipe, saidcup having a plate extending therefrom adapted to close'the outlet ofsaid pipe while the cup is feeding the material contained therein to themold.

13. A machine of the character described, having a mold, a mandrel, apipe leading from a source of supply of material for making receptacles,a measuring-cup pivotally mounted below the outlet of said pipe, saidcup having a plate extending therefrom, for the purpose specified, theupper edge of said cup, the outlet of said pipe, and the plate extendingfrom said cup all forming arcs of the same circle having its center atthe pivotal axis of said cup.

14. A machine of the character described having a mold, a mandrel, apipe leading from a source of supply of material for making receptacles,a measuring-cup pivotally mounted below the outlet of said pipe, andcam-and-lever mechanism to turn said cup at proper intervals to feedmaterial to the mold.

15. A machine of the character'described having a mold, a mandrel,adapted to be raised out of the mold, means to collapse said mandrel,when raised, to release the completed receptacle and means to receivesaid receptacle and discharge it when released.

16. A machine of the character described I having a mold,a mandreladapted to be, raised from said mold, means to collapse said mandrel,when raised, to release the completed receptacle, a basket mounted onpivoted arms, and means to swing said basket on said arms to a positionbelow the mandrel and out from below said mandrel for the purposesdescribed.

17. A machine of the character described having a mold, a mandreladapted to be raised from said mold, means to collapse said mandrel,when raised, to release the completed receptacle, means to carry off thecompleted receptacle and means to feed material in predeterminedquantities to said mold.

18. Amachineof the character described, having a mold, a mandrel adaptedto be raised from said mold, means to collapse said mandrel, whenraised, to release the completed receptacle, means to carry off thecompleted receptacle, means to feed material in predetermined quantitiesto said mold, and common means to actuate the devices for carrying offthe completed receptacle and feeding material to the mold.

19. A machine of the character described having a mold, a mandreladapted to be vraised from said mold, means to collapse said mandrel,when raised, to release the completed receptacle, a swinging basket forcarrying off the completed receptacle, a pivoted feeding-cup, an armsecured to said cup,

a link connecting said arm and basket, and means to oscillate said armwhereby said cup and basket are both actuated.

20. In a machine of the character described, the combination, with acontractible mold, ofa shrinkable mandrel adapted to be inserted intosaid mold, said mandrel having an enlargement at its end forming ashoulder adapted to close the top of the mold when said mandrelisinserted therein.

21. In a machine of the character described, a collapsible mandrelcomprising wedge-sections and intermediate sections having slidingconnection with one another,

and a'cap fitting over the. ends of said sections. v 22. In a machine ofthe character described, a' collapsible mandrel comprisingwedge-sections, and intermediate sections having sliding dovetailconnection with one another, and a cap fitting over the ends of saidsections.

23. In a machine of the character described, a collapsible mandrelcomprising wedge-sections and intermediate sections and a cap fittingover the ends of said sections the intermediate sections having verticaland horizontal movement with relation to said cap but saidwedge-sections restricted to a horizontal movement therewith.

24'. A machine of the character described having a mold, a collapsiblemandrel comprising wedge-sections and intermediate sec tions, a capfitting over the ends of said sec-' tions, a plunger-rod secured to saidcap, and means to reciprocate said rod to insert the mandrel into themold and. remove it therefrom. i

25. A machine of the character described having a mold, a collapsiblemandrel com- .prisin wedge-section's and intermediate sections avingsliding interlocking connection with one another, a cap fitting over theends of said sections, and means to reciprocate said rod to insert themandrel into the mold and remove it therefrom.

26. A machine of the character described having a mold, acollapsiblemandrel comprising wedge-sections and intermediate sec- 'tions havingsliding interlocking connection with one another, a cap fitting over theends of said sections and connected thereto whereby the intermediatesections have vertical and horizontal movement with relation to said capwhile the wedge-sections are restricted to a horizontal movement withrelation thereto, and means to reciprocate said rod to insert themandrel into the mold and remove it therefrom.

27. A machine of the character described having a mold, a plunger-rod, acollapsible mandrel secured to said rod, means to reciprocate said rodto insert said mandrel into the mold, and remove it therefrom, means-t0collapse the mandrel when it is removed from the mold and means toexpand said mandrel before it enters the mold again.

28. A machine of the character described having a mold, a plunger-rod, acollapsible mandrel secured to said rod, means to reciprocate said rodto insert the mandrel into the mold and withdraw it therefrom, a springarranged within the mandrel and normallyholding it expanded, and meansto collapse said mandrel against the energy of said spring.

29. A machine of the character described having a mold, a plunger-rod, asectional mandrel mounted on said rod, means to reciprocate said rod toinsert said mandrel into the mold and remove it therefrom, a ringarranged around the outside of said mandrel and attached to some of thesections thereof,

a spring within the mandrel and normally holding it expanded, and afixture adapted to wedge-sections of the mandrel always in the samerelation horizontally with the plungerrod, and a fixture adapted toengage said ring and collapse the mandrel against the energy of saidspring.

31. A machine of the character described having a plunger-rod, a mandrelcomprising wedge-sections and intermediate sections, a cap fitting overthe ends of said sections and secured to said rod, said cap havingradial slots in its horizontal portion and vertical slots in itsvertical portion, headed bolts securedto the wedge-sections andextending through said radial slots, unheaded bolts secured to theintermediate sections and extendin through said vertical slots, a ringaroun said cap and connected to the pro- .jecting portions of saidunheaded bolts, a

to move the wedge-sections vertically with relation to the intermediatesections to collapse the mandrel, and connections between saldln-termediate sections and the spring and between said s ring and theplunger-rod whereby the colYapsmg of the mandrel will compress saidsprin 33. A machine 0? the character described having a plunger-rod, amandrel secured to saidrod and comprising wedge-sections andintermediate sections, a portlon of said rod extending into the mandrel,a nut on the end of said portion of said rod, a spring arranged aroundsaid rod and abutting at one end against said nut, means to retain thewedgesections of the mandrel always in the same relation with theplunger-rod, means to move the wedge-sections vertically with relationto the intermediate sections to collapse the mandrel, a bottom piecearranged below the ends of the sections of the mandrel, and a tubesecured to said bottom piece and extending over and forming a bearingfor the other end of said spring.

34. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of interlocking jaw members and a shrinkablemandrel adapted to be bodily lowered into and raised from said mold.

35. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of interlocking jaw members,means to move said awmembers to open and close be inserted into said liiold andmeanstocompress the material in from below.

36. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of interlocking jaw members, means to move saidjaw members to open and close the mold, a collapsible mandrel adapted tobe inserted into said mold, a vertically-movable piece arranged in thebottom of said mold, and means to move said piece to form the bottom ofthe receptacle.

37. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of interlocking jaw members, means to move saidmembers to open and close the mold, .a collapsible mandrel adapted to beinserted into said mold, a vertically-movable piece arranged in thebottom of the mold and normally arranged below the level thereof,

and means to raise said piece to form the bottom of the receptacle.

38. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of interlocking jaw members, togglejoints, onearranged between each of said jaw members and a fixture, a collapsiblemandrel adapted to be inserted into said mold, a vertically-movablepiece arranged in the bottom of the mold and normally arranged below thelevel thereof, levers supporting said piece, and vertically-movable rodshaving means to operate said toggles and said levers.

39. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of interlocking jaw members, togglejoints, onearranged between each of said jaw members and a fixture, each togglehaving one member provided with a laterallyofi'set finger extending in aline with the lon gitudinal axis of said member, a mandrel adapted to beinserted into said mold, a vertically-movable piece arranged in thebottom of the mold for forming the bottom of the receptacle, andvertically-movable rods having pins adapted to engage the fingers of thetoggles to operate the same.

40. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of interlocking jaw members, togglejoints, onearranged between each of said jaw members and a fixture, each togglehaving one member provided with a laterallyofiset finger extending in aline with the lon gitudinal axis of said member, a mandrel adapted to beinserted into said mold, a vertically-movable piece arrangedin thebottom of the mold.and normally standing below the level thereof, leverssupporting said piece, and vertically-movable rods having pins adaptedto engage the fingers of the toggles to operate the same, said rods alsohaving means to engage the levers to raise the piece the mold, acollapsible mandrel adapted to l in the bottom'of the mold.

the bottom of the mold' 41. A machine of the character described havinga contractible mold comprising a plurality of jaw members. means to movesaid members to open and close the mold, a mandrel adapted to beinserted into the mold, a

vertically-movable piece arranged in the bot- 1 tom of the .mold, leverssupporting said piece and having rollers on their outer ends, andvertically-movable rods having collars adapted to engage said rollers.

42. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of jaw members, each jaw member having a straighttongue extending therefrom and engaging a groove in the adjacent member,the surfaces of said tongues which form the interior of the mold beingarranged at right angles to each other and adapted to open and closeupon one another.

43. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of jaw members, said members having chamberstherein communicating with the interior of said mold, and means to carryoff the water from said chambers as the material islcompressed in themold.

44. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of jaw members, said members having chamberstherein communicating with the interior of the mold, and means to createa vacuum in said chambers to draw off the water as the material iscompressed in the mold.

45. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of interlocking jaw members, said jaw membershaving chambers therein, one between each adjacent pair thereof, theinner walls of said members having perforations lea g to said chambersand means to create a vacuum in said chambers and draw off the waterpressed from the material as a receptacle is formed.

46. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of jaw members, said members having chamberstherein, one between each adjacent pair thereof, the inner walls of saidmembers having perforations leading to said chambers, a plate arrangedbelow said members and having openings therein arranged below saidchambers, pipes connected to said openings, and means to create a vacuumin said cham bers and draw off the water pressed from the materialthrough said pipes.

47. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of jaw members, said members having chamberstherein, one between each adjacent pair thereof, the inner walls of saidmembers aving perforations leading to said chambers,

a plate arranged below said member and having countersunk openingstherein connected by grooves, said openings being located below saidchambers, pipes fitted in said openings, and means to create a vacuum insaid j chambers and draw off the water pressed 1 from the materialthrough said pipes.

l 48. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of jaw members, said members having chamberstherein, said members having perforations leading to said chambers, aplate arranged below said members and having openings therein arrangedbelow said chambers, an air-tight box arranged below said plate, pipesconnecting said box with the openings in said plate and a pump connectedup with said box for the purpose specified.

. 49. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising a plurality of jaw members, each member having an extendingtongue engaging a groove in the adjacent member, said members havingchambersarranged between them, the inner walls of said members havingperforations leading to said chambers which are closed at the sides andtop by other tongues engaging other grooves and arranged parallel to thefirst-mentioned tongues, and means to draw water from the mold throughsaid chambers.

50. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising four jaw members, each member having two extending tongues,arranged parallel to each and the other at the outer surface thereof,said members having chambers arranged between said inner and outertongues and com municating with the interior of said mold, and means todraw water from the mold through said chambers.

51. A machine of the character described having a contractible moldcomprising four jaw members, each member having two extending tonguesarranged parallel to each other, one on the inner surface of said moldand the other at the outer surface of said mold, and a third tongueextending across between said parallel tongues at the top of said jawmembers, said members having chambers arranged between said inner andouter parallel tongues and below said third the interior of said mold,and means to draw water from the mold through said chambers.

52. In a machine of the character described, a vertically-movablehead-plate mounted on suitable guides, a screw connected to said headplate and secured against rotation, a horizontal beveled gear interiorlyscrew threaded and mounted around said screw, oppositelyextending shaftseach carrying a beveled pinion, said pinions facing each other andmeshing with said horizontal gear, and means to alterzontal gear isrevolved in opposite directions and the head-plate is raised andlowered.

53. In a machine of the character detongues, said chambers communicatingwith other, one on the inner surface of said mold nately revolve saidshafts whereby said hori-

